Updated European regulations: updated maximum vitamin D
The updated European regulations on manganese and vitamin D levels are based on the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The EFSA's expert panel on nutrition, new foods, and food allergens (NDA) conducted a scientific review on the upper levels of vitamin D intake. They also determined a conversion factor for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D3, which is required for use on product labels.
The review included an analysis of the bioavailability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared to vitamin D3, as well as the adverse health effects of excessive vitamin D intake. The adverse effects mainly involved persistent hypercalcemia and musculoskeletal health-related issues like falls and fractures.
Based on the review, a conversion factor of 2.5 for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D was proposed for use on product labels. This means that one microgram of vitamin D is equivalent to one microgram of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), one microgram of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), and 0.4 micrograms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
The determined upper limit (UL) for vitamin D intake remained unchanged at 100 μg per day for adults (18 years and older, including pregnant and lactating women) and adolescents aged 11-17 years. The report emphasizes that the European population is unlikely to exceed the UL unless they regularly consume high-dose vitamin D supplements.
In Denmark, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (DVFA) has updated its recommendation for vitamin D supplementation. They advise all Danes to take a vitamin D supplement of 5-10 micrograms per day during the winter months (October to April), with some groups potentially needing higher doses. This recommendation is based on a 2020 study by the Norwegian Cancer Society, which found that almost one in five Danes without vitamin supplements had a vitamin D deficiency in the spring.
The report also mentions that while vitamin D is present in food, it is difficult for the Danish population to meet their vitamin D needs through food alone. Studies on the Danish diet indicate that they only obtain a small fraction of their vitamin D requirements from food.
The review included an analysis of the bioavailability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared to vitamin D3, as well as the adverse health effects of excessive vitamin D intake. The adverse effects mainly involved persistent hypercalcemia and musculoskeletal health-related issues like falls and fractures.
Based on the review, a conversion factor of 2.5 for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D was proposed for use on product labels. This means that one microgram of vitamin D is equivalent to one microgram of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), one microgram of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), and 0.4 micrograms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
The determined upper limit (UL) for vitamin D intake remained unchanged at 100 μg per day for adults (18 years and older, including pregnant and lactating women) and adolescents aged 11-17 years. The report emphasizes that the European population is unlikely to exceed the UL unless they regularly consume high-dose vitamin D supplements.
In Denmark, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (DVFA) has updated its recommendation for vitamin D supplementation. They advise all Danes to take a vitamin D supplement of 5-10 micrograms per day during the winter months (October to April), with some groups potentially needing higher doses. This recommendation is based on a 2020 study by the Norwegian Cancer Society, which found that almost one in five Danes without vitamin supplements had a vitamin D deficiency in the spring.
The report also mentions that while vitamin D is present in food, it is difficult for the Danish population to meet their vitamin D needs through food alone. Studies on the Danish diet indicate that they only obtain a small fraction of their vitamin D requirements from food.
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